Material Values in A Raisan in the Sun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Material Values in A Raisan in the Sun - Essay Example Walter Younger, the son of the family, was portrayed as the one who is always after money, so he can invest in business and emerge successful. â€Å"No—it was always money, Mama. We just didn't know about it.† (Hansberry 34). Although, he has noble target of achieving success, his path to achieve that by mainly going for money even while hurting others, makes him a kind of antagonist of the story. However, Walter towards the end of the play realizes his mistake and transforms into a supportive figure and even the protagonist. He emerges as the central character, and fully supports his family as they wish to own a large house in a developed area. When the Youngers buy an independent house in a predominant white locality of Clybourne Park, they were dissuaded by the White people residing there. One of the men from that group, Mr. Lindner, on behalf of the other white people, even goes to the extend of bribing the Youngers to prevent them from moving into the Clybourne Par k. The whole Younger family is struggling financially, but still they refuse to accept the money. Although Walter loses majority of the insurance money because of the cheating by one of his friends, he stands up for his family’s wishes and refuses to accepts the money. Walter believes that buying and living in that particular house as wished by his father will provide him more honor than acquiring material values. If the Youngers’ family had received money from Mr. Lindner, the dreams of each family member would have actualized but that would at the cost of values. Mama, the matriarch of the family, firmly refuses the money. â€Å"†¦nobody in my family never let nobody pay'em no money that was a way of telling us we wasn't fit to walk the earth...We ain't never been that - dead inside† (Hansberry 34). The refusal of the Youngers’ to accept money even when they needed it and thus holding on to their house, exhibits how they hold self-worth and honor m ore dearer than material wealth. Walter loses the insurance money, after his friend Willy Harris escapes somewhere with the money provided by Walter for their business initiative to set up a liquor store. Although he failed personally, he learns quick lessons and understands that achievement of his family’s dream particularly of his dead father could give more satisfaction than the achievement of his personal dream. Walter believes that the new house was indirectly earned by his father through his insurance money for them, â€Å"We have decided to move into our house because my father—my father—he earned it for us brick by brick.† (Hansberry 37). Thus, he puts optimum efforts, even avoiding the temptation of easy money, to buy and stay in the house of their choice. Youngers’ family is aware of the fact that if they reside in Clybourne Park, they could face numerous race related problems from the white people, who reside there. For their part, they gave the commitment that they would have good relationship with the neighbors, without taking any racial stance. â€Å"We don't want to make no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, and we will try to be good neighbors. And that's all we got to say about that. We don't want your money.† (Hansberry 37). However they continue with their decision to

Pathos, Ethos, and Logos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pathos, Ethos, and Logos - Essay Example In his letter, Jefferson uses Pathos, Ethos, and Logos to argue his point of view. This is a strong, well-written letter. Pathos is used by pointing out the millions of trafficked humans. Ethos is used by Jefferson’s reference to his belonging to the Human Rights Watch. Logos is used by appealing to specific problems like the lack of statistics and definitions. This letter is impressive mostly on the Ethos and Logos to persuade the reader to understand his point of views. Jefferson makes the reader feel angry and disappointed by the lack of research and measures done by the United States when some countries fail to address trafficking. â€Å"Trafficking is a blatant violation of human rights and is almost universally condemned, yet many countries are failing to address this problem seriously† (Jefferson). He creates emotion to the readers, so they can get the message he wants to share. This is an appeal through Pathos. Jefferson does not show real anger in his letter because it was written for the Secretary of State, so due respect must be given. This is the lack of Pathos from Jefferson’s letter. Although the reader can feel the anger and disappointment, it is not clear enough. One or two sentences appeal to the Pathos, but mostly logos and ethos were used. An example of one sentence is as follows, â€Å"trafficking is a widespread human rights violation that threatens the lives, health, dignity, and security of millions of people thr oughout the world, with women and children suffering the brunt of the abuses† (Jefferson). Despite this plea, Jefferson does not use many others. It seems that Jefferson was relying on Powell’s knowledge on the subject, not his emotions. Although Jefferson’s letter has lack of emotion, the credibility of his letter is really impressive. He used Ethos to strengthen his argument. Frequently Jefferson refers to Human Rights Watch when stating a request or opinion instead of asserting it on his

Analysing The Power Of Faith Religion Essay

Analysing The Power Of Faith Religion Essay When I went back to visit him on vacation we spent a lot of time together. During one of our visit I asked him, Dad Ive been in charge of a church and have been to a many Salvation Army Churches. But my Question was this. When Billy Graham, Spurgeon, even our own founder William Booth preached the Gospel hundreds came forward to be saved during the meeting. It seems like verily anybody comes forward to be saved when I peach the same Gospel same goes for the places Ive visited. Why is that? My dad said Son, every time you preach do you expect all the people will encounter Jesus and be saved? Thinking hard I said, I dont think so, not everyone, every time. My dad responded, Then thats why your community and your people are not being saved with regularity when you preach. You need to have faith and believe. I was like thanks dadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ No Faith. We see in todays story (Matthew 17: 14-21). The smallest speck of faith you activate or speak will authorizes you to do miracles. Do you believe that Church! Amen! This man came and knelt down in-front of Jesus, and asked him to have mercy on his son, who was tormented by a demon spirit. At that moment he said, I brought him to your disciples, but they could not cure him. (Verse 16) Jesus told them to bring the boy to Him and He rebuked the demon and Boom! the boy was miraculously healed immediately. Later, the disciples came to Jesus alone and wanted to know why they were not able to cure the boy themselves. Jesus answered, Because of your unbelief (Verse 20). After that, Jesus taught them a principle on the power of faith. He told them, I tell you the truth, if you have faith as small as a mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, Move from here to there and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you. (Verse 20). This is the Messiah talking, not a false prophet, but the King of Kings, Lord of Lords not a TV evangelist, but Jesus! And he speaks truth that even with the smallest amount of faith brings forth miracles you cant even began to imagine, and with that small faith brings power for you and I to do the impossible. I want to look at these verses today, and make three observations concerning the power of faith. The first observation is this: 1. Other people lose out, when your faith is Lacking! Faith that moves mountains will not just improve the quality of your life; its some of it, but not all. Also, Faith that moves mountains also advances and lifts up the quality of other peoples lives. If you dont have faith or a lack of it, you wont be able to help people experience the presents of the Lord in their lives. We see this exact same thing in this story that the disciples had little faith, powerless faith, a faith that wasnt engaged, and for that reason, the young boy truly came close to missing the experience of Gods work in his life. We see examples in Scripture where faith is able to make a difference in the life of someone else. For example, in Mark Chapter 2, four friends brought a paralytic to Jesus. The house where Jesus was speaking was crowded and they couldnt get to him, so they climbed up on the roof, tore a hole in it, and lowered their friend into the house. The Bible says It was the faith of these friends that caused this man to be healed. If they had lacked faith, the man would have died a paralytic. Acts 3 Peter and John were on their way to the temple to pray, and a beggar asked them for some money. The Bible then says that Peter grabbed the man by the right hand and pulled him to his feet, and immediately the man was healed. This man was healed not because of his own faith. Peter never even asked him if he has any. He was healed because of Peters faith. If you have faith that can move mountains, you can do great things for other people. But, if your faith is lacking, other people will lose out. Today there may be people close to you who are under attack with problems they dont have the strength to face or the faith to solve, and your faith can make a difference in their life. If you lack faith, other people lose out. The second observation is this, 2. If you apply the smallest amount of faith, you can do miraculous. Jesus said, not Randy, but Jesus If you have faith a small as a mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, Move from here to there and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you. (Verse 20). Jesus compared faith to a mustard seed because the mustard seed was a tiny, tiny seed, and the mustard plant was a big, big plant. In other words, a tiny mustard seed could produce a big plant, and a tiny amount of faith can produce big results. Its also important to note that when Jesus said, you can move mountains he was using this phrase as a figure of speech. In his day, the phrase moving mountains was used pretty much as it is used today; it referred to removing and resolving difficulties, even huge difficulties. Hes not talking about flamboyant miracles that serve no point; hes talking about transforming your life. I would venture to say that everyone here today is facing a mountain of some type. Theres something yo u would like to see happen in your life, but youve written it off as impossible. I would like for my marriage to be what it once was, but thats impossible. I would like to overcome this sin that Ive struggled with all my life, but thats impossible. I would like to lose weight, I would like to be physically healthy again, but thats impossible. I would like for my rebellious kids to walk with God, but thats impossible. I would like for my business to succeed, but thats impossible. And on and on we go. But Jesus says, Nothing will be impossible for you. That obstacle youre facing is not impossible. Your marriage can be restored. Your family can be re-established. Your business can be revitalized. Your sin can be conquered. Whatever it is youre facing right now that you think is impossible, remember that just a little bit of faith empowers you to do the impossible. If your problems are stacked up like a mountain before you, with faith, that mountain can be moved. No situation is hopeles s; no problem is insurmountable. Faith can work miracles in your life. The third observation is this 3. Faith Activated means Results! I want to make an important distinction in Jesus words. He did NOT say, If you have faith as small as a mustard seed, mountains will move from here to there. He did NOT say, If you have faith as small as a mustard seed, and you want a mountain to move, it will move from here to there. He said, If you have faith as small as a mustard seed, you can SAY to this mountain, Move from here to there and IT WILL MOVE. (Verse 20). Heres the distinction. In order to move the mountain you have to engage your faith; you have to put it in gear. By speaking to the mountain, you activate your faith. The faith that you have in your heart and in your mind cannot accomplish anything until it is activated until it is put into action. In this example, Jesus says that we must speak the word of faith to the mountain. In the stories I mentioned earlier, the friends of the paralyzed man activated their faith when they climbed on the rooftop; Peter activated his faith when he pulled the beggar to his feet. For most of us, exercising our faith is like trying to drive a car in neutral. You press on the gas, it revs up the engine, it makes a lot of noise, but the car doesnt actually move, and it wont until you put it into gear. Much of our faith talk is nothing more than revving up the engine. It makes a lot of noise, but it doesnt move us forward, and it never will until we put our faith in gearuntil we activate it. And that requires risk. In order to experience results in the life of faith, you have to activate your faith, you have to put into action, and you have to take risks. CONCLUSION If you have no faith, youll lose out and so will others around you. But if you exercise even a small amount of faith, youll accomplish the impossible. But youll accomplish nothing at all with your faith until you put it into action. Now, some of you are saying, This sounds good in theory, but how do I put my faith into action, and how do I develop this kind of faith? For starters, youve got to remember that your faith is not in yourself, and your faith is not in faith, but your faith is in God. It doesnt take a lot of faith to see miracles happen; it just takes an active faith. Activate your faith. Put it into gear. Take that first step toward moving your mountain, and let Gods miracle power go to work in your life. Alter Call: Today God wants us to activate our faith. He wants us to depend on Him and Love Him. As we activate our faith I would love to pray for you and anoint you with oil. James says in Chapter 5, Verse 13 if there is anyone among you who are sick and hurting or in trouble, they need to call upon the Elders of the church to pray over him and anoint him with oil in the name of Jesus, and the prayer of faith will make the sick person well. Jesus will raise him up and his sins will be forgiven. Praise the Lord! I invite you to, come! As we sing Chorus: Theres just something about that Name. Chorus: Amazing Grace My Chains Are Gone Let us Prayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. God your love is so amazingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.

Stress In The Workplace Essay examples -- Effects of Stress in the Wor

An increasing number of employers are becoming aware of the adverse affects that stress can have on an employee's performance and are offering different programs to help employees manage stress in their lives. This approach is proving to increase workplace performance, as well as improve employee loyalty and retention in the long run. What Causes Stress? Causes and Concerns Stress has been defined as a physiologic reaction to uncomfortable or unaccustomed physical or psychological stimuli. The biological variations that can result from stress of the sympathetic nervous system include a heightened state of alertness, anxiety, rapid heart rate and sweating. Not surprisingly, everyone has different triggers that cause stress in their lives and according to a number of surveys, work related stress tops the list for most people. In fact, forty percent of employees in the United States reported that they regularly experience work-related stress and a rising number of them are reporting that work is the largest stress in their lives. This is creating health and economic problems, not just for the American workforce but globally as well. Effects of Stress on Employees Physical and Emotional Individuals under stress at work have been known to experience fatigue and/or low motivation which can directly influence an organization’s morale and decrease overall productivity. Any professional with an M.A. in Industrial Organizational Psychology will tell you that str...

The film adaptation of Shakespeare’s “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”

The film adaptation of Shakespeare’s â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† is one that gains three out of five stars in my book. With the director Michael Hoffman taking the fun and magical world of fairies from Shakespeare’s comedy and turning it into a rather serious tale, the movie, released on May 14, 1999 was given a new twist on its own.The story is about a complicated love affair where Demetrius and Lysander both want Hermia but she only has eyes for Lysander. This is made worse with Hermia’s father wanting Demetrius to be his son-in-law. Helena, Hermia’s friend, on the other hand wants Demetrius.Hermia and Lysander plan to flee from the city under the cover of darkness but are pursued by an enraged Demetrius who is himself pursued by an enraptured Helena. In the forest, the king and queen of the faeries, Oberon and Titania, are having a lover’s quarrel over a servant boy.Oberon’s mischief-maker, Puck, runs loose with a flower which causes people to fall in love with the first thing they see upon waking. In the twists that created unexpected pairings, the lovers are finally brought together rightly, thanks in part to the bungling work of Puck.The performance of Kevin Kline, who played Nick Bottom, has brought an element of compassion from the audience even in the light of the character’s buffoonery. Kline gives the comic relief character more life with his proclivity to exaggeration. Rupert Everett (Oberon) was radiant as the king, but gave no standout performance and looked a little deadpan in his acting. His partner, Michelle Pfieffer (Titania) looked so indifferent in her performance but still gets the beauty vote among the members of the cast.Stanley Tucci (Puck) has played the playful role of Puck well, seeming to enjoy the movie he’s playing in and stays comical all the way. Calista Flockhart, playing Helen, was a convincing lovesick ragdoll who clarified how pathetic the character re ally was.She was able to handle a very classic role with an enthusiastic energy only rivaled by her co-actor, Tucci. Hermia, played by Anna Friel, was average in her performance, and her mud-based fight scene with Helena was probably the most convincing part of her acting. Dominic West did not give any standout performances and was average all throughout the entire movie. Demetius, played by Christian Bale, had done his duty as an actor playing his part and did not rise above his role and made the character larger than life.The whole movie is devoid of any hi-tech special effects that we are constantly bombarded with in today’s movie industry. Some of the evidence of this is Bottom’s donkey ears and a great amount of facial hair; the wings of the faeries seem like strap-on contraptions that are so stiff and unrealistic.The forest setting, however, served its purpose, which is to have a magical, unearthly quality even though it looked more like a set than a real forest. Make-up and costume design were effective in creating the strange creatures found in the story, despite the lack of technology.Most of the costumes for the humans, however, seem ready to be ripped off from their bodies as were suggested in some of the scenes making the movie very sexually suggestive.

Ampalaya Coffee Essay

This investigatory project aims to prepare and also to make a coffee from the â€Å" Ampalaya Seeds†. We know that Ampalaya or also known as Bitter melon is known for as its bitterness and astringent taste , the bitter melon can see everywhere. This investigatory project encourage us students to make a coffee, as an alternative product . This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of the ampalaya seeds as coffee. The researchers used powdered Ampalaya seeds in this study. After researching and collecting the raw materials, the researchers were able to begin the experimentation. The coffee was obtained by drying, grinding, and roasting the seeds of ampalaya, and boiled. After boiling, the coffee was manually extracted with the use of a clean cloth. The study focuses on producing coffee out of ampalaya seeds. It does not aimed to determine which coffee (ampalaya seeds vs. commercial coffee) has more nutritional value or which is more nutritious. II. Acknowledgement. We would like to thank to the following person that are help us to start and to continuing this our Investigatory Project ,including the following to our ALMIGHTY GOD that help us and give us strength and knowledge to explain the main idea of this investigatory project . To our parents and also our friend who give us supports to finish our Investigatory Project. For our parents that supplies our needs , including the financial needs . THANK YOU !!!!!! Chapter 1: Introduction In our modern generation , many people in our country used coffee especially our grandparents and also our parents. Coffee is known as beverage to the majority of the people. It is known for its stimulating effect on the functions of the brain , thus making the drinker active . Variants of coffee flavors were already produced all throughout the world aiming for the discovery of alternative sources of coffee production . The coffee from ampalaya seeds help us to earn and save money . A. Background of the study Coffee alternatives have been famous since the last two decades due to economic crisis and experimentations for health and medical benefits. Any seeds that are edible when powdered can be used as an alternative source for coffee. The difference of the generic coffee from the seeds of the coffee plant from those of the alternatives is that it has a good amount of caffeine content. The similarity you can find in the alternatives and those of the original is that seeds contain carbohydrates which cause the aroma in roasted coffee. Ampalaya, on the other hand, is a crawling vine that grows mostly on tropical countries like the Philippines. It is said to be rich in iron, potassium, beta-carotene and other nutrients. It is also famous in treating diabetes because of its properties like polypeptide-P; a plant insulin that can lower blood sugar levels. Many researches on agricultural food chemistry convey that it provides nutritionally significant amounts of nutrients, minerals and amino acids that are needed for life. B. Objectives of the study B1. General Objectives 1. To determine if the ampalaya seeds have considerable characteristics of the products in terms of color, aroma, taste, and acidity. B2. Specific Objectives 1. To produce coffee using ampalaya seeds as the main ingredient. 2. To determine and compare the levels of acceptability of the coffee samples. C. Hypotheses NULL 1. There is no significant difference among the different ampalaya coffee samples developed in terms of their color, aroma, and taste. ALTERNATIVE 1. There is no significant difference among the different ampalaya coffee samples developed in terms of their acceptability. D. Significance of the study Momordica Charantia or ampalaya seeds contain iron and folic acid which are essential for the production of the red blood cells and the formulation of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Coffee is usually drunk hot, black or with cream and sugar and also drunk cold as iced coffee, specially summer. People are used of drinking coffee every morning to warmth their body and at night to avoid being sleepy. But coffee contains a stimulant called caffeine. The result of this will determine if the coffee made from ampalaya seeds can be use as a substitute for the commercial coffee. This study aimed to produce coffee using ampalaya seeds as substitute. The study was important because ampalaya is abundant in the Philippines. The product may be an anti-diabetes coffee but it is not the main concern of the study. Everybody can benefit of the result of the study unless a coffee drinker. It would recycle the ampalaya seeds instead of being thrown away which a lot of people consider it as waste. E. Scope and limitation The proposed study was limited to producing coffee out of ampalaya (Momordica charantia Linn. ) seeds. Three samples were prepared with different ampalaya seed concentration and same amount of water for comparison purposes in which one of the samples was pure commercial coffee. The samples were processed by the basic methods of making coffee: roasting, grinding, and brewing.

Causes of the Great Crash essays

Causes of the Great Crash essays In 1929 there had been a bull market for some time, and it seemed like it would never stop. However, such prosperity would not last forever. In October of that year, the market came to an abrupt halt. It was not a simple matter however. There was no single reason why the market finally crashed as it did but rather there were many factors that had lead to this devastating event. The first reason that had helped contribute to the stock market crash of 1929 was the huge misdistribution of wealth. The rich 5% elite was controlling the economy as well as about 25% of the nations income. Low wages, horrible working conditions and tremendous hours remained the same, as labor unions were completely ineffective during this time period. Because wages and prices werent changing, as was the output per worker was, the rich were only getting richer. Since they were the big spenders, they basically decided which direction the economy was going. The second reason was the fact that the unstable United States economy was part of an unstable world economy. As America prospered in the 1920s, Europe struggled to rebuild itself from the devastation of the war. America throughout the 1920s, with its booming economy, helped Europe by lending them millions of dollars. The loans given out by the United States were expected to be paid back by the foreign allies. However, what was really misunderstood by the United States was that the foreign allies were in no shape to repay any loans that had been taken from the Untied States. In addition to that, there was a lot of corruption involved with many overseas loans such as in Latin America and Peru. In light of all this, investors of course realized the danger and in turn simply stopped giving loans out. This created a negative effect for farmers who now had a smaller export market and for bondholders. Another big reason was the mass marketing of stock ...

Deceit in Hunters in the Snow Essay Example

Deceit in Hunters in the Snow Essay Example Deceit in Hunters in the Snow Essay Deceit in Hunters in the Snow Essay Tobias Wolff’s Hunters in the Snow centres on the actions and personalities of Kenny. Frank and Tub as they embark on a hunting trip during the winter. Each character faces jobs ( in character or otherwise ) which they attempt to cover up through misrepresentation – the cardinal subject in this short narrative – in order to accept their several actions. The effects of these screen ups deeply change the power of each character over another. Furthermore. the characters don’t recognize how their prevarications influence others around them. Kenny is a quintessential bully. His demand for power over the other two causes him to asseverate control of any action be it driving or inquiring for permission to run on private evidences. In truth. he doesn’t even wish to inquire for permission but is pressured by Frank to make so. Kenny’s apparently light-minded idiosyncrasies besides follow from his desire to be the alpha-male. He insults and pitilessly annoyers Frank and Tub about their insecurities. He pretends to want to run over Tub after looking an hr late and instantly silences any expostulation from Tub. However. he neither realizes how far he is forcing Tub nor the hazard he is in. His stupid actions taking up to and after the slaying of the old Canis familiaris eventually push Tub. who lawfully fears for his life. to revenge. This instantly puts Kenny’s life at the custodies of his tough victims and leaves a power vacuity to be filled. Tub’s chief job is his denial of the hapless eating wonts that he has. He adamantly tries to convert others that his job is due to his glans despite acutely cognizing that he gorges himself on unhealthy nutrients in purdah. The insecurity he feels about being found out causes him to go easy manipulated and bullied by Frank and Kenny. Furthermore. the revenge against Kenny merely adds to the insecurity Tub has and he instantly searches for blessing and protection against the effect of hiting Kenny. Frank fills in this vacuity and manipulates Tub into siding with him. Frank himself faces the issue of criminal conversation. His lecherousness for another adult female causes him to lead on himself into believing that this new female is the love of his life despite a little portion of his scruples saying otherwise. He even goes every bit far as to perverse the beliefs of that little portion by asseverating that his reluctance is merely due to the good that his married woman had done him and the childs they had. Frank’s self-deceit unwittingly acts on Tub’s insecurities. motivating Tub to open up about his jobs to Frank. By lead oning himself to accept his criminal conversation. Frank pushes Tub to accept the feeding jobs that Tub has by giving in to Tub’s impulses. Frank is incognizant that his credence of criminal conversation has already influenced Tub to yield to Tub’s desires ( shown by the fact that Tub decides to open up to Frank ) . Each character has major issues that need to be corrected but prefer to lead on themselves and others than accept the truth and work towards rectification. As such. Kenny lies in mortal hazard. Frank additions newfound power in the group and over Tub. and Tub remains submissive to Frank’s wants. Furthermore. the newfound assurance in Frank leads him to disregard common sense in traveling back to recover critical waies to the infirmary. The hereafters of these three characters is left hanging. nevertheless it is clear that the stoping has each one traveling down separate and erroneous waies.

Analysis of Demand and Supply for Ford SUVs and Trucks

Analysis of Demand and Supply for Ford SUVs and Trucks This paper will discuss the analysis of Demand and Supply for Ford’s SUVs and trucks. Particularly the larger SUVs and Trucks. What is demand and supply analysis? It â€Å"is the study of how buyers and sellers interact to determine transaction prices and quantities.† (Demand and Supply Analysis: Introduction, 2011). It might be hard to believe that the big SUVs and trucks sells are on the rise while all sedans sales are plummeting in ever category. Half a decade ago SUVs and trucks sells were rock bottom but with the current economy, low gas prices, low interest rates, and the average income is on the rise, people are opting for the larger vehicles. Ford is one manufacture that is going to take advantage of the new demand shift. Ford has opted out of making any more sedans and to only to make SUVs and trucks. Ford will keep two sedans which is the Ford Focus and the Ford Mustang their best sellers. Ford plans to introduce new SUVs and Trucks to cover more of the market segments, because not ever consumer can afford Fords top tier line that cost upwards of seventy to eighty thousand dollars. The Analysis of Demand and Supply. Less than five years ago car manufacturers were on a race to improve fuel economy. This was mostly due to the high gas prices. From around 2011 until late 2014 going into 2015 gas prices averaged over $3.50 a gallon and high average just over $4.00 dollars a gallon. The above chart is from (Gas Price Charts, 2018). According to data from the U.S. Department of Transportation, the average American driver puts in 13,474 miles behind the wheel each year. So, if U.S. consumer was to by a large SUV that got a combine average of 18mpg and at $4 dollars a gallon it would have cost the consumer $2,994 dollars. However, if the consumer was to buy a car that got closer to 40mpgs it would have cost the consumer $1,347.4 dollars. This would have saved the consumer on average $137 dollars a month just in gas not to mention that the smaller cars cost less. Gas was a significant factor but there were other factors such as economic confidence was down, the average American’s salary was stagnate and even declining. During the time frame 2010 to 2016 consumers were spending less. The economic environment has changed, and the economy has strengthened over the last two years. Gas prices are lower with the current national average of $2.84. At the current gas price and with the larger SUVs and Trucks peaking around 20mpgs it would currently cost the consumer $1,913 dollars in gas, this is a thousand dollars a year savings. Other factors driving consumers spending more on cars are Americans have more economic confidence and American wages are on the rise. According to USA Today â€Å"U.S. workers’ wages and benefits grew 2.6% last year [2017] the fastest 12-month pace since the spring of 2015.† (Wages rise at 2.6% in 2017, 2017). This means that U.S consumers have a little more money in their pocket and they don’t want the same cars any longer and are willing to spend more to get more. Americans have always been drawn towards larger vehicles more than other nations. Therefore, Ford has made the change to focus more on their SUV line and Truck line. Only two cars survived the chopping block. One thing that is evident with the current new demand is the price. In 2013 the Ford Expedition top out at $51,355 dollars in the top trim level of the King Ranch. Now in 2018 Ford has introduced a remodeled Ford Expedition and the top tier base price is $76,175 dollars. These prices were gathered from Autotrader.com. What caused this massive jump in price in just 5 years. To start out the demand was down because of the recent high gas prices. With the environmental factor such as gas price this will reduce the demand for larger vehicle when there is a alternative vehicle that got better gas mileage and cost tremendously less. As the gas went down and the consumer income went up the demand for these SUVs went up, but the supply was low. Fords parent company Lincoln was selling their high-end Lincoln Navigator but Ford was having a hard time keeping up the demand. In January of 2018 Lincoln sold 1,300 Navigators this number was up 97.5% from January in 2017. Not only was Lincolns sales up but of those 1,300 Navigators sold 84% of them were Lincolns two highest trim level which brought a price of over $90,000 dollars. While everyone might not be able to spend upwards of $80,000 to $90,000 dollars Ford is introducing new models that are smaller but look like an SUV. This move is to capitalize on the current trend that people are moving away form sedans and that the current technology is allowing some of the smaller crossover SUVs to get upwards of the 30mpg range. The ability to get 30mpgs in a SUV will help Ford survive if the gas price was to go up or if the economy was to take a down turn. In the end if the economy is right the U.S. consumer will spend more on their vehicle but if gas goes up and the economy tanks we could see prices fall for the large SUVs and Trucks.

Human rights among the dominican republic and haitian border Research Paper

Human rights among the dominican republic and haitian border - Research Paper Example Immigration has been a common practice within the human cultures where people move from and into other countries on such grounds as search of employment, as refugees or asylum seekers or even for trade. This has been evidenced by the frameworks that have been crafted within government structures of different countries to deal with the feature. Governments acknowledge that there exists immigration into or out of these countries either legally or even illegally and thus the need for regulatory frameworks. However, there are international human rights that influence government decisions surrounding immigration and which are generally accepted within the international context. Nevertheless, every nation has her foreign policies as decisions that point to the future on accounts of other nations as against her internal decisions. By taking interest in the theme of violations of human rights along the borders of these countries, the analysis revolves around understanding the genesis and factors that contribute to the vices. The study intends to put into perspectives the influence of international legislations that govern the rights of the refugees and asylum seekers as well as the internal concerns about the security of the countries due to the influx of refugees and asylum seekers. Moreover, the paper will address the rising concerns of the infringement of the human rights of the immigrants as they are subjected into the compulsory detentions against the provisions of the international human rights frameworks for immigrants.... a) Trade rivalry, differences in cultures, race as well as the skill complexion led to the rise in conflicts along the borders between the nations. b) Population pressure and poverty has been the major cause of Haitian to migrate into Dominican Republic. c) The two governments have been slow to address the violations to human rights. d) International community, through such bodies as the UN and UNHCR are slowly taking up the roe to address the violations in Dominican Republic. Chapter 2: Literature review In an analysis of the increased violation of human rights by the Dominicans towards the Haitians a along the border, Cloud noted that migration of persons from Haiti have been gradual and at alarming rates in the past. Harsh economic times, poverty as well as overpopulation result to too much pressure within the republic of Haiti making the majority of the Haitians to consider crossing over towards the neighboring country of Dominica where the prospects of better living are seen. Th is informs the concerns on social political stability of the country together with the likelihood of population pressure growing in the Dominican Republic. Moreover, the politicians express concern over exhaustion of the local resources through over exploitation by the overpopulation caused by the immigration from Haiti. Mistreatment of the Haitians has therefore been a common thing as informed by racial discrimination and the intention to have the migration into the Dominican Republic discouraged (Cloud, 58-59). Prejudice on racial grounds is a deep-rooted problem within the Dominican Republic where the light-skinned Dominicans perceive the dark skinned Haitians as uncivilized and inferior hence the

The role of Chaim Rumkowski in the Lodz ghetto Essay

The role of Chaim Rumkowski in the Lodz ghetto - Essay Example In times past and even today, we know that countries and kingdoms try to invade other countries and kingdoms in a bid to possess their land and possibly enslave its members.This has been in an attempt to ensure expansion to expand economic possession and in some cases, show superiority. If not at all, it is not for nothing that the United Nations itself recognises certain countries as Veto Nations, some of G (Great)-Countries, and others as members of the United Nations Security Council. Such accolades accorded to countries always make them feel the need to undertake military and economic moves that will win them global pride. Again, it is not for nothing that though many nations of the world have gained political independence and enjoy their sovereignty, they still pay a lot of respect to their colonial masters.So the underlining factor is that countries want and admire fame.Counties love that their names as heard as super powers, counties love that they are the once who make headli ne news in the media everyday.Just as countries do, political, military and royal personalities also take a lot of pride in being referred to as ‘super powers’.Mention can be made of names like Alaric the Visiqoth, Alexander the Great, Attila the Hun, Cyrus the Great, Hannibal, Julius Caesar, Marius who were accorded accolades as warriors, conquerors and the like.... Counties love that their names as heard as super powers, counties love that they are the once who make headline news in the media everyday. Just as countries do, political, military and royal personalities also take a lot of pride in being referred to as ‘super powers’. Mention can be made of names like Alaric the Visiqoth, Alexander the Great, Attila the Hun, Cyrus the Great, Hannibal, Julius Caesar, Marius, Scipio Africanus who were accorded accolades as warriors, conquerors and the like. In times past, these fighters sprang up to fame because they led their armies to undertake the invasion, capturing and conquering of other great nations, armies or people. Even though such acts of bravery may not be very much needed today as it existed in times past, the general perception is that the contributions made by those people were necessary for their nations; back in those days. Some commentators argue that we do not see military takeovers and invasion wars today just becaus e the approach to becoming a champion and that the acts of bravery and warship displayed by those gallant men and women in times past were wrong. It is against this argument that studies on the acts and inactions of such brave men and women of the world has continued to be relevant in school curricula and lessons. There is no denying the fact the study of history and for that matter the study of military warfare and military takeovers in times past will not end anytime soon. One important character, who stands out tall in history as far as religious, ethnic and regional conquests are concerned is Chaim Rumkowski. Born in 1877 in Russia, the family Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski and Rumkowski himself moved to Poland where he took up a career as the

Final Exam essay on Paradise Lost Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Exam on Paradise Lost - Essay Example However, this degree of expansion, as one might predict, takes a bit of liberty with the original storyline that is developed within the first few chapters of Genesis. As a means of analyzing this differential, the following analysis will seek to engage the reader with a further explanation and discussion of the ways in which John Milton deviates from an understanding of biblical theology that is represented within Genesis 1. As such, rather than taking the entire point in seeking to categorize and differentiate the ways in which deviation occurs, the following analysis will be concentric upon book 7 lines 387 to 448. In such a way, and analysis and discussion of the fifth day of creation will be leveraged. Firstly, the corresponding Scripture that this particular passage in Milton’s book 7 references is Genesis 1 verses 20 through 22. As might be expected, the level of development and discussion that exists within the few verses is quite sustained and brief. Ultimately, Genes is 1 verses 20-22 merely denote that God created fish, sea life, and all birds, reptiles, and other winged creatures. Yet, with this in mind, an interesting oversight that John Milton evidently made within book 7 is with respect to the assumption that reptiles, at the very least snakes, could somehow be separated from other winged and flying creatures. Although this may seem as an obvious assumption, a further reading and interpretation of the Genesis story, made by many Biblical scholars to include Martin Luther, relates the fact that serpents were originally a creature of intense beauty that were only cursed to crawl on their belly after the deception that Satan perpetrated (Pelham 367). Within such an understanding, John Milton’s book 7 lines 388 through 389 denote something of a different understanding. Says Milton â€Å"reptile with spawn abundant, living soul: and let fowl fly above the earth, with wings† (Milton book VII 388-389). Although he comes short of outr ight saying it, the obvious assertion is that serpents and reptiles were separate from flying creatures and therefore need to be categorized in a different way. Whereas it is obviously true that such a reality existed for Milton within his own lifetime, a full and complete understanding of Genesis reveals a slightly different reality. A further element that is not discussed specifically within the Bible or within Milton’s â€Å"Paradise Lost† is with respect to an understanding and discussion of mutating creation. After the fall of man, within the biblical narrative, God instructed the earth to bring forth vessels and man to struggle with hard labor as a function of the rebellion that he had committed against God. By much the same token, the harmony that the animal kingdom had lived in was changed so that beast preyed upon beast and a type of mutating creation came to be in existence. Once again, Milton’s approach to this was merely to gloss over such a reality and exhibit creation from the perspective of being unchanged since God spake it into existence. Says Milton within lines 408 and 409, â€Å"moist nutriment; or under rocks their food/in jointed armor watch: on smooth the seal† (Milton Book VII 408-409). As such, a clear understanding of the fact that the fifth day of creation saw a time in which God created armor and scales or animals to protect themselves from predators is clearly denoted. However, a further understanding and analysis of the book of

Service Quality Improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Service Quality Improvement - Essay Example According to Sheth & Kellstadt (1992), a normative model of service quality improvement is built on the concept of continuous improvement. The company that I have been working in has been using this kind of approach to address its issues of quality improvement. This is because the key objective of the company is to achieve sustained improvements in its services delivery. Therefore, throughout my career, I have had an opportunity to experience a situation in which this model was applied. Moreover, I have been able to experience some of the benefits of this kind of a model when used to improve service quality as well as some of its shortfalls. This benefits and shorts could form a very good basis for my evaluation in this paper. Normative model of service improvement is divided into stages. The stages include management commitment, employee commitment and participation, employee education and training, communication, assessment and modification, outcomes and targets, and integration (H ernon & Whitman, 2001). These stages are interconnected in an intertwined manner. This means that a stage does not necessarily result to its next stage. However, each stage is independent of the other. The company that I am working in has been undertaking almost all the above stages in its approach to service quality improvement. Some of these stages in service quality improvement have been very conspicuous. This makes them to be easy to identify even to the people who are not top managers. However, some are inconspicuous thus can only be identified by top managers. Sheth & Kellstadt (1992) also identifies this approach of service quality improvement as both multi-disciplinary and requires individuals with different functions in the company. This is because it requires efforts of managers belonging to different disciplines. Moreover, it involves employees with varying roles in the company. In the company I work with, service quality work has not been the work of the marketing department only. In every case that the company has attempted to improve its quality of service, all the departments have been required to play almost equal roles. This is because the company believed that improvement in quality of its services could only come from an improvement in the effectiveness of every department in the company. Benefits of the model to service quality improvements The most essential component of any organization is its management since it controls all the decisions made in the organization in its various operation stages. Use of a normative model for service quality improvement by the organization I work with has enhanced the participation and commitment of the management team to the process of improving quality of services. This is because it has been requiring every manager to show his commitment to the process. Moreover,

China as an attractive market for Foreign Direct Investment Essay

China as an attractive market for Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that China is the fastest growing economy in the world and since 1980s has been consistently experiencing high economic growth rates. With the sheer size of the economy and the expansion of manufacturing base of the country has made it one of the largest and most lucrative markets to enter by the international firms. Initially China offered great advantage in terms of access to low cost labor as well as raw materials and manufacturing facilities. However, due to its domestic economy size and the rising income levels, China also presents itself as one of the largest market for the international firms to enter into. All major international brands including McDonalds, Apple, Next and all other better consumer brands have made their entry into China to tap into the local market. Foreign direct investment in China and the impact it had on the Chinese economy is considered as one of the most important economic success stories of the recent times. By the end of 1999, China was having $300 billion of foreign direct investment in the country which was merely $19 billion a decade ago. This figure has now increased manifolds and China is one of the largest attractors of foreign direct investment in the world. What is also important to note that most of the FDI in China was through the Greenfield projects with the collaboration of the local players in the market?   Why this has happened and why China becomes an attractive target for FDI will be discussed in this question. Chinese Economy Chinese economy is the second largest economy in the world overcoming Japan as the second largest economy in the world after USA. It is also the fastest growing economy in the world with growth rates of approximately 10% for last three decades. Such consistent economic performance indicates that the Chinese economy has been able to project itself as one of the most important target for foreign direct investment.  During 1950s and 1960s the ov erall focus of the government was on controlling inflation through tighter budgetary and monetary policy controls. Though China is still a communist country with government controlling most of the resources of the country but it still managed to make a transition to market based economic practices. Though It has the history of nationalizing the banks and other institutions however, it has been continue to attract foreign direct investment in the country. There can be different reasons as to why China became the attractive economy for the foreign direct investment. More important reasons are discussed below: Quality of the Government Though China is the leading centrally controlled economy after USSR with government controlling most of the resources however, it is still considered as the mmarket-friendlygovernment. It has been argue that despite constraints, China has been able to put in place an effective FDI governance mechanism in the country. The quality of the government, overal l policies and the environment presented in China serves as one of the biggest motivating factors for international investors to invest in China. It is also important to understand that greater control of the Chinese government on the management of overall affairs of the economy may be supportive too. Since the government is politically strong therefore foreign direct investment may have become easier.

Final Exam essay on Paradise Lost Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Exam on Paradise Lost - Essay Example However, this degree of expansion, as one might predict, takes a bit of liberty with the original storyline that is developed within the first few chapters of Genesis. As a means of analyzing this differential, the following analysis will seek to engage the reader with a further explanation and discussion of the ways in which John Milton deviates from an understanding of biblical theology that is represented within Genesis 1. As such, rather than taking the entire point in seeking to categorize and differentiate the ways in which deviation occurs, the following analysis will be concentric upon book 7 lines 387 to 448. In such a way, and analysis and discussion of the fifth day of creation will be leveraged. Firstly, the corresponding Scripture that this particular passage in Milton’s book 7 references is Genesis 1 verses 20 through 22. As might be expected, the level of development and discussion that exists within the few verses is quite sustained and brief. Ultimately, Genes is 1 verses 20-22 merely denote that God created fish, sea life, and all birds, reptiles, and other winged creatures. Yet, with this in mind, an interesting oversight that John Milton evidently made within book 7 is with respect to the assumption that reptiles, at the very least snakes, could somehow be separated from other winged and flying creatures. Although this may seem as an obvious assumption, a further reading and interpretation of the Genesis story, made by many Biblical scholars to include Martin Luther, relates the fact that serpents were originally a creature of intense beauty that were only cursed to crawl on their belly after the deception that Satan perpetrated (Pelham 367). Within such an understanding, John Milton’s book 7 lines 388 through 389 denote something of a different understanding. Says Milton â€Å"reptile with spawn abundant, living soul: and let fowl fly above the earth, with wings† (Milton book VII 388-389). Although he comes short of outr ight saying it, the obvious assertion is that serpents and reptiles were separate from flying creatures and therefore need to be categorized in a different way. Whereas it is obviously true that such a reality existed for Milton within his own lifetime, a full and complete understanding of Genesis reveals a slightly different reality. A further element that is not discussed specifically within the Bible or within Milton’s â€Å"Paradise Lost† is with respect to an understanding and discussion of mutating creation. After the fall of man, within the biblical narrative, God instructed the earth to bring forth vessels and man to struggle with hard labor as a function of the rebellion that he had committed against God. By much the same token, the harmony that the animal kingdom had lived in was changed so that beast preyed upon beast and a type of mutating creation came to be in existence. Once again, Milton’s approach to this was merely to gloss over such a reality and exhibit creation from the perspective of being unchanged since God spake it into existence. Says Milton within lines 408 and 409, â€Å"moist nutriment; or under rocks their food/in jointed armor watch: on smooth the seal† (Milton Book VII 408-409). As such, a clear understanding of the fact that the fifth day of creation saw a time in which God created armor and scales or animals to protect themselves from predators is clearly denoted. However, a further understanding and analysis of the book of

China as an attractive market for Foreign Direct Investment Essay

China as an attractive market for Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that China is the fastest growing economy in the world and since 1980s has been consistently experiencing high economic growth rates. With the sheer size of the economy and the expansion of manufacturing base of the country has made it one of the largest and most lucrative markets to enter by the international firms. Initially China offered great advantage in terms of access to low cost labor as well as raw materials and manufacturing facilities. However, due to its domestic economy size and the rising income levels, China also presents itself as one of the largest market for the international firms to enter into. All major international brands including McDonalds, Apple, Next and all other better consumer brands have made their entry into China to tap into the local market. Foreign direct investment in China and the impact it had on the Chinese economy is considered as one of the most important economic success stories of the recent times. By the end of 1999, China was having $300 billion of foreign direct investment in the country which was merely $19 billion a decade ago. This figure has now increased manifolds and China is one of the largest attractors of foreign direct investment in the world. What is also important to note that most of the FDI in China was through the Greenfield projects with the collaboration of the local players in the market?   Why this has happened and why China becomes an attractive target for FDI will be discussed in this question. Chinese Economy Chinese economy is the second largest economy in the world overcoming Japan as the second largest economy in the world after USA. It is also the fastest growing economy in the world with growth rates of approximately 10% for last three decades. Such consistent economic performance indicates that the Chinese economy has been able to project itself as one of the most important target for foreign direct investment.  During 1950s and 1960s the ov erall focus of the government was on controlling inflation through tighter budgetary and monetary policy controls. Though China is still a communist country with government controlling most of the resources of the country but it still managed to make a transition to market based economic practices. Though It has the history of nationalizing the banks and other institutions however, it has been continue to attract foreign direct investment in the country. There can be different reasons as to why China became the attractive economy for the foreign direct investment. More important reasons are discussed below: Quality of the Government Though China is the leading centrally controlled economy after USSR with government controlling most of the resources however, it is still considered as the mmarket-friendlygovernment. It has been argue that despite constraints, China has been able to put in place an effective FDI governance mechanism in the country. The quality of the government, overal l policies and the environment presented in China serves as one of the biggest motivating factors for international investors to invest in China. It is also important to understand that greater control of the Chinese government on the management of overall affairs of the economy may be supportive too. Since the government is politically strong therefore foreign direct investment may have become easier.

The Purpose Of Education Essay Example for Free

The Purpose Of Education Essay The world is run by those who are educated and successful. Education is the key to success in life. It is very important for everyone. The role of education is to prepare students for college, prepare for work and help students how to socialize. It allows you to do things that you are not able to do without an education. The role of education is to prepare students for college. During four years of high school, students have many teachers, coaches and role models. School helps students to learn and  develop their skills from the teachers, or the outside environment through experience from their friends. Thinking about college, there’s so much to consider when it comes to getting ready for college: where to go, what to study, how to apply, how to pay for it all, and more. However, the role of education helps students learn a basic level to prepare for a higher level of demonstrated competence in mathematics, science, etc. The quality of education offered to students through statewide and districtwide standards for academic subjects. The public education is to prepare young people learn a basic financial education. The public education is to prepare on how to conduct themselves in college In addition, the role of education is to prepare students for work. The mission of education, as we all know, is to help prepare students for the future. An important element of that preparation involves the development of career skills. Students should be able to communicate ideas and thoughts through writing and speaking. Students learned how to organize something. It helps to Tuan Tran Yon Hui Bell INRW-0305-035 September 21, 2014 get something done better. Students will learn math, science etc. Those will help them prepare for work. Finally, Education helps students how to socialize. They will learn how to respect older people. Treating people with respect makes the world a much more pleasurable place for everyone. Be polite and good manners when you are a kid, practicing good manners is a way to be respectful of other people. These customs function as a way to keep society running smoothly. Education helps students know, care about, and act on core ethical values such as fairness, honesty, compassion, responsibility, and respect others. Students will study and discuss core ethical values Education is important for everyone. The role of education is to prepare students for college, prepare for work and help students how to socialize. It helps you with better future, education is a positive tool. We need to create the conditions for students to grow and develop.

A stressful life is an inevitable consequence

A stressful life is an inevitable consequence In our career-driven society, work can be a pervasive source of stress. According to a report cited in an edition of the Financial Times, stress at work is one of the biggest problems in European companies. It is evident that the prevalence of stress at work majorly influences job satisfaction, work performance and productivity (Mullins, 2002). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) define stress as the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressures or other types of demand placed on them (ISMA, 2004). Stress can be accumulated through constant tension and frustration, and can arise from a number of issues including individual, group, organizational and environmental factors. In this essay, I am going to discuss the implications that stress incurs on the individual, and on the organization as a whole by looking at some of the most important issues such as cost, stress-related illnesses, and how to tackle stress in the workplace for a better and healthier workforce. With the changing lifestyles of people today (25-year mortgages, easier credit arrangements, etc.) most people are looking for permanent, full-time employment. Nevertheless, with the current economic crisis, many businesses are cutting back on staff and many jobs are being lost. This has lead to an increase in stress levels. An article published by the Daily Mail on 5 November 2008 (National Stress Awareness day) stated that almost 2/3 of 2700 workers polled said that they felt more run down, stressed and prone to illness than they did three years ago. This has resulted in many of them putting in seven hours of unpaid overtime a week. The article urged employers to tackle this problem as the research shows the credit crunch is having serious implications on the nations workforce, with people working and worrying more (Daily Mail, 2008). As these findings demonstrate, the stress caused by the current economic situation will lead to grave consequences for both individuals and organizat ions; if the individual suffers, the organization is inevitably going to suffer, and vice-versa. Certainly, a healthy workforce gives a larger contribution to a business. Working in a stressful environment means that not only performance is decreased, but productivity is also reduced. So what causes stress? Some would say that being under a lot of pressure causes one to be stressed. However, there is a difference between working under pressure and working under stressful conditions. It is said that a certain level of pressure is needed in our daily life to motivate us and enable us to perform at our best (ISMA, 2004). Cooper et al. (1988) have identified six major sources of stress at work: intrinsic to the job, role in the organization, relationships at work, career development, organizational structure and climate and home-work interface. He also added that conflicts, such as bullying and harassment, at work are another cause of stress. However, stress is said to be a very personal experience as individuals respond and cope differently with the causes and effects of stress. One major source of work stress develops from role incongruence and role conflict. When workers are not clear about their roles in the company, it creates difficulties in communication and interpersonal relationships. In addition, it can have an emotional impact on morale, performance and effectiveness at work, and health. In order to improve business, many organizations restructure and reduce staff, leading to more pressure on the remaining staff. This often results in an increase of work-related health problems, work stress and a less efficient workforce (Mullins, 2002). Handy (1993) has suggested five organizational situations that are likely to produce role problems, and thus stress for the individual: having responsibility for the work of others such as reconciling conflicting objectives of groups and organizations; conflict between the routine aspects of the job and the creative side; being the outside contact is particularly stressful due to the lack of control over demands or resources; relationship difficulties in the company, such as problems with a boss or colleagues; and last but not least, having career doubts if future career prospects are uncertain. Role ambiguity has greater effects on the physiological and psychological well-being of the individual, among them being low self-confidence, low motivation, higher job-related tension, and even depression (Handy, 1993). Karasek and Theorell (1990) have predicted that the most unpleasant reactions of psychological strain such as fatigue, anxiety, depression and physical illness, occur when the psychological demands of the job are high and the workers have low freedom in deciding the task. This model of the high strain situation suggest that arousal energy is transformed into damaging, unused residual strain because of an environmental constraint on the persons optimal response (e.g. trying to get lunch and queues are very long, travelling distance involves a crowded, heavy traffic road; this results o n the residual strain which lasts longer than a normal arousal reaction). Basically, this model implies that environmental stressors that we are presented with in our everyday life can leave us aroused for hours, thus leading to psychological strain and therefore stress. This has great implications for individuals that tend to be more affected by these environmental factors than others. The burden of strain that workers experience on a daily basis has therefore an indirect implication for the organization as performance is affected by the unpleasant, unproductive, and in the long term, unhealthy state of workers. In respect to the unhealthy state of workers and psychological strain, extended exposure to stress has been linked to almost every illness imaginable: heart disease, high-blood pressure, metabolism problems, colds, depression, obesity, memory problems and migraines (Jaffe-Gill et al. 2007). It all comes down to the biological response to stress, Fight or Flight mechanism, which prepares us for emergency. When in danger, the hypothalamus in the brain sets off a chemical alarm. The sympathetic nervous system responds by releasing a flow of stress hormones, including adrenaline, nor epinephrine, and cortisol, which race through the bloodstream, preparing us to either escape the scene or battle it out. However, the more the stress response its activated, the harder it is to shut off which causes the stress hormones, heart rate, and blood pressure to remain elevated even after the crisis has passed. In addition, continuous activation of the stress response causes havoc on the body. This i mplies that workers who are continuously responding to stress are damaging their body; the stress response system will eventually become exhausted causing the immune system to break down, thus making it easier for various illnesses to attack the body. Consequently, this will have enormous effect on the individual, leading to reduced performance in every domain of their life, in particular work. Not to mention the number of increased absence from work that will affect the organization, financially as well as performance wise. In the December 2008 issue of Glamour Magazine, there was a very interesting article about the consequences of stressful life situations. Research shows that women are more prone to negative effects of stress as they tend to be more emotionally tuned in than guys. Women seem to stress more over a problem, they keep thinking about it over and over in their head. The stress caused by a bad day at work is an example of what experts call acute stress, which triggers the fight-or-flight response, but it is temporary and therefore it is harmful as such. It only leads to a tiring day as it burns up a lot of energy. However, when every day at work is a bad day, the acute stress turns into chronic stress, which could cause a lot of damage to your body. As mentioned before, this leads to the fight-or flight response being constantly activated and thus causing strain on the body which in turn can lead to stress-related illnesses. All body systems are affected by this. Recent British research fo und that while stress doesnt necessarily cause cancer, women that have high-pressure jobs had at least a 20% higher risk of breast cancer than those with less job strain. Research also shows that we are getting more stressed with each decade. In a report that looked at the incidence of work-related stress and mental ill-health in the United Kingdom (1996-2001), an estimated annual average of 3624 new cases were reported by psychiatrists (reported higher rates for men), and 2718 by occupational physicians (reported higher rates for women). Anxiety/depression or work-related stress were mainly diagnosed, and post-traumatic stress accounted for ~10% of cases reported by psychiatrists. Inherent to the job factors (for instance work overload) and interpersonal relations problems were generally the most common causes. Nevertheless, those in personal and protective services and professional workers also showed high rates of ill-health (Cherry et al. 2006). Managing mental ill-health requires the adaptation of the workplace to meet legitimate expectations and capacities of the worker, as well as the adaptation of the worker to increase his/her capacity to cope with work demands, through training and cognitive therapy. Therefore t o be able to do this, workers and managers need to collaborate together in order to ensure that both parties know what is expected, thus stress levels reduced. In collaboration with stress management professionals, the Health and Safety Executive has developed the Management Standards approach to reduce levels of work-related stress. This approach displays good practice through risk assessment, allows for the current situation to be measured using various data-collection techniques, and encourages active discussion with employees to help decide upon the practical improvements that can be made (HSE, 2005). This was developed after figures of stress have risen to 1 in 5 people finding work very or extremely stressful. The Management Standards include six key areas of work, which if not properly managed, can cause poor health, lower productivity and increased sickness absence. These primary sources of stress at work are: demands, control, support, relationships, role and change. As the main causes of stress are now well-known, managers can work with employees to find solutions in order to reduce stress at work, unlike in the past that modest a ttempts were made to deal with them. This approach will be excellent news for organizations if followed and applied in the right manner, as well as good news for the worker as hopefully, stress levels will be reduced. One huge factor that has lead to the development of such an approach is the financial cost that work-related stress incurs on the organisation and the society. Stress is the single largest cause of occupational ill-health in the public sector, accounting for around half of all days lost to work-related ill health. In financial terms the estimated cost of sickness absence to the UK as a whole is around  £12 billion a year, and around  £4 billion of this has been attributed to the Public Sector (HSE, 2006). Each case of stress-related ill health leads to an average of 29 working days lost. A total of 13.4 million working days were lost to stress, depression and anxiety in 2001. Work-related stress cost society  £3.7 billion a year in 1995, a figure which has undoubtedly risen in 2008, as stress levels have undeniably soared considering the sharp fall of house prices, cut of interest rates and the loss of numerous job posts due to the current economic climate (HSE, 2005). The cost factor has great implications for organisations as they are spending unnecessary money which could instead be spent effectively to develop their business and create a less stressful work environment, rather than covering the costs of stress-related illnesses that workers seem to endure from working in a stressful work environment. Stress is upsetting to the individual and detrimental to the business at a time when the need to control business costs and ensure an effective and healthy workforce is greater than ever (Mullins, 2002). Much of ill-health is associated with the discrepancy that is caused when changes in job demands exceed the worker capacities. Mental-ill health which arises from traumatic events at work can be avoided by employing good managerial techniques to tackle stress, and in the event of the occurrence, it should be dealt with promptly and effectively.

Essay --

Lower leg pain has been a mystery, with it being named by several different terms. Shin pain that most athletes refer to as shin splints is now being termed Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome or MTSS. Some atheltes under estimate the severity of shin splints by simply having a lack of knowledge. â€Å"In 1974, Clement was among the fist to postulate that â€Å"tibial stress syndrome† was caused by a periostitis that could progress to tibial stress fracture† (Craig, 17). Inflammation of the periosteum and also the tibialis posterior lead to MTSS and ultimately a stress fracture. In order to further research about the cause of MTSS, tissue biopsy was performed on 62 patients in a study by Johnell. According to Craig, 2008, Johnell found that there was an increased tissue metabolic activity, like osteoblast proliferation. Osteoblasts are bone cells that attempt to grow new and repair damaged bone. Osteoblast are present often with inflammation, which is a bodies response to in jury. Through this study, Johnell found that 2/3 of his patients had bone damage, which explains why osteoblasts were proliferating. In a later study by Michael and Holdner they suggested that instead of the tibialis posterior, the soleus was a major cause of MTSS. â€Å"They found that 1/3 of the MTSS patients had soleus fascia inflammation and 1/3 had bony inflammation just underneath the fascial attachment into the bone† (Craig, 17). Inflammation ultimately causes pain. This explains why the soleus is a contributor to MTSS. Athletes who participate in sports like Track and Field where they are in repeated plantar flexion put a lot of pressure on the gastrocnemius and soleus. The gastrocnemius and soleus are consistantly being contracted with every stride and take off for a ... ...8). With out an arch, the soleus is being stretched for long periods of time that causes it to become fatigued and strained which can put pressure on the tibia. It can not be concluded that excessive pronation causes MTSS, but is rather a risk factor. By taping an individuals arch, the amount of pronation can be decreased as well as the amount of pain experienced. Craig also suggests pool work outs once a week to allow for bone healing. I think this is a great idea, and more coaches should implement a pool work out into their weekly routine. Swimming still allows atheltes to have a cardiovascualr work out while giving their tibia's a break. Some atheltes have an extremely high pain tolerance and will continue to practice and perform, with or without treatment. Though with preventative measures like taping and rehab, the treatment of MTSS can hopefully be achieved.

Emerging :: Personal Narratives Death Suicide Papers

Emerging The world where goals and success are of sole importance is not a reality, it is an illusion. Phone calls at three a.m. rarely bring good news. One call shattered my world and changed my life forever. Reality blurred. My emotions took a violent grip on my mind, body, and ultimately my spirit. I began my sophomore year of high school standing at the very edge of my reality. I saw my life crumble around me and seemed to plummet into a dark abyss of disbelief. Suicide. After only 35 short years of life, my aunt Sue took her own life. My rational, upper-middle class reality vanished. The idea that everything happens for a reason, and that things always had an answer no longer held true. All the truths, all the certainty, all the normality, all the security embellished in my family and my reality were destroyed. Things like this aren't supposed to happen to me. This happens to other people. My emotions rushed through me as though on a race track, each trying to dominate. Yet, ultimately they were on a collision course. They exploded and blurred into a fiery inferno. Why did this h appen? How am I supposed to feel now? How do I begin to piece together and construct a new reality? All I had was questions, and the world I had searched for answers in so many times before no longer existed for me. My search for answers led me inward as I was forced to construct a new reality. "Oh my God, oh my God," the words rang through my ears and seemed to shake my very soul. I was jolted from my bed after an already sleepless night to Dad's horrified cry. The sheer terror that seemed to strangle his words seemed to pierce my heart with each syllable. Even from three rooms away, it echoed. A small beam of light crept under my door as the light in my parents' room was turned on. Even as I reached to open my door and investigate the commotion, I felt a heavy horror fall over me. Something was terribly wrong, and my heart raced as my sweaty palm turned the door knob. The scene in my parents' room was one I had never seen before. The expressions, the actions, were foreign and frightening. They both sat erect in their bed. Mom leaned close to Dad and held his arm tight, waiting herself to hear the terrible news. Emerging :: Personal Narratives Death Suicide Papers Emerging The world where goals and success are of sole importance is not a reality, it is an illusion. Phone calls at three a.m. rarely bring good news. One call shattered my world and changed my life forever. Reality blurred. My emotions took a violent grip on my mind, body, and ultimately my spirit. I began my sophomore year of high school standing at the very edge of my reality. I saw my life crumble around me and seemed to plummet into a dark abyss of disbelief. Suicide. After only 35 short years of life, my aunt Sue took her own life. My rational, upper-middle class reality vanished. The idea that everything happens for a reason, and that things always had an answer no longer held true. All the truths, all the certainty, all the normality, all the security embellished in my family and my reality were destroyed. Things like this aren't supposed to happen to me. This happens to other people. My emotions rushed through me as though on a race track, each trying to dominate. Yet, ultimately they were on a collision course. They exploded and blurred into a fiery inferno. Why did this h appen? How am I supposed to feel now? How do I begin to piece together and construct a new reality? All I had was questions, and the world I had searched for answers in so many times before no longer existed for me. My search for answers led me inward as I was forced to construct a new reality. "Oh my God, oh my God," the words rang through my ears and seemed to shake my very soul. I was jolted from my bed after an already sleepless night to Dad's horrified cry. The sheer terror that seemed to strangle his words seemed to pierce my heart with each syllable. Even from three rooms away, it echoed. A small beam of light crept under my door as the light in my parents' room was turned on. Even as I reached to open my door and investigate the commotion, I felt a heavy horror fall over me. Something was terribly wrong, and my heart raced as my sweaty palm turned the door knob. The scene in my parents' room was one I had never seen before. The expressions, the actions, were foreign and frightening. They both sat erect in their bed. Mom leaned close to Dad and held his arm tight, waiting herself to hear the terrible news.

Brownies Packer

The writer ZZ Packer's short story, â€Å"Brownies,† is about a troop of African-American Girl Scouts from south Atlanta that takes a camping trip; unfortunately, almost instantly, imaginary tensions build up between them and Troop 909, a group of white girls; struggle that later in this story develops as the main external conflict. Arnetta and Octavia, appear as the leaders of the group, and insist that the 909 girls called one of their group a derogatory word which is the starting point of the conflict.Consequently, a confrontation rapidly takes place between the teams, but this uarrel turns awry when the African-American girls realize the white members of Troop 909 are developmentally disabled and it becomes clear to the reader that Octavia and Arnetta probably make the accusation up. Nevertheless, the short narrative by Packer goes further than a simple camping conflict between rival teams. This story argues that when individuals have seen or experienced suffering for so l ong, in this case the African-American girls, they unintentionally react by becoming the agent of despair to others regardless guilt of innocence.To begin with, it is suitable to state that the encounter of the two Brownie Troops, black and white, early in the story is mainly based on skin color differences. At the start of this narrative, Lauren, the narrator of this account says: By our second day at Camp at Cresencio, the girls in my Brownie Troops had decided to kick the asses of each and every girl at Brownie Troop 909. Troop 909 was doomed from the first day of camp; they were the white girls, their complexions a blend of ice-cream: strawberry, vanilla (177).The girls n the two groups had never spoken to each other, yet the desire to fght the â€Å"Wet Chihuahuas† as the African-American girls once called the girls in Troop 909, was evident. Furthermore, later in the story, Packer reveals that the African-American girls' prejudice, bitterness, and mistreat towards the w hite group is a consequence of their parents' deep antipathy shown to the white community. â€Å"Shot† the narrator describes on page 187 â€Å"We have all been taught that adulthood is full of sorrow and pain, and taxes and bills, dreaded work and dealing with whites, sickness and death†.In this excerpt ZZ Packer clearly points out that the aversion the girls feel towards the whites is not based on their own experiences, but rather their families. According to their parents, dealing with â€Å"whites† was a problem every adult had to face. Lauren's statement clearly exposes the young African-American girls' lack of reasoning on racism, and thus portrays the parents as the responsible for the children's behavior. Resentment on behalf of the parents did indeed have a huge impact in the brownies.Pursuing this situation further, racial segregation the African American brownies xperienced in their communities, is the major cause of affliction in the young children. Lauren affirms: When you live in the suburbs of Atlanta, it was easy to forget about whites. Whites were like those pigeons: real and existing, but rarely seen or thought about†¦ everyone had seen white girls and their mother coo-coing over dresses; everyone had gone to downtown library and seen white businessmen swish by importantly, wrists flexed in front of them to check the time as though they would change from Clark Kent into Superman†¦ ose images were a fleeing as cards shuffled in a deck, where as the ten white girls behind us were real and memorable community. Everything about them somehow seems to exude a kind of reigning beauty that results in an â€Å"enw and hatred† the blacks have against the whites. Even little things like hair could produce these hostile feelings, according to the fourth grader. â€Å"Their long, shampoo-commercial hair, straight as spaghetti from the box†, as Lauren describes, nutrients the prejudices that finally help bring a bout racism.The orced separation that troop experienced in addition to exposure of only glimpses of White people, can explain the white girls as â€Å"invaders' and hence, the enemy. It is not concretely clear that the White girls used a racial slur, but if they had it seemed because of their disabilities it would not have been intentional. However, the White girls may have indeed repeated what they had heard. This would point directly to prejudice that still exists in Modern day times. In society, racial conflict might be understandable among adults; nevertheless, resentment is young children must not e tolerated.Packer deliberately sets the characters as children dealing with adult issues in order to convey a higher impact with her argument. The author intentionally presents two historically rival groups in America, blacks and whites, to prove the argument that when individuals, have experienced discrimination, prejudice, and inequality for so long, it is understandable if uninte nded retaliation takes place. Some of the girls in the African-American group did not even want to encounter the girls from Troop 909, yet Octavia carried so much hatred inside, that he forced all the other girls to comply with her suffering.Octavia not only experienced the segregation everyone else did, but she also had to deal with her parents' divorce. The reality is that when an individual is resentful, he or she may involuntarily yearn for people to suffer the same as he or she does, or did. . In the final analysis of the short narrative by ZZ Packer, â€Å"Brownies†, the most compelling evidence of the author's argument can clearly be seen as the end of the story. The narrator retells an account she had with her father, when they were at the mall andLaurel's father deliberately asked a religious white group to paint their porch. Shockingly, the Mennonites could not refuse to do so because it is part of their religion to â€Å"help others†. However, it is not unti l Laurel retells the story when she finally understands, and explains the cause of resentment in his father. She recalls her father's words as she was speaking: â€Å"it was the only time he'd have a white mad on his knees doing something for a black man for free† (193). Laurel's father railed against whites because of the historically rivalry in the United States.African Americans were considered slaves for more than a hundred years until 1865, and have been discriminated ever since. They worked for the white for free, suffering the worst treatment a human being can receive. They were considered property. Consequently, on Packer's point of view, resentment towards the white community is expected even in contemporary days. Because as Laurel pointed out at the end of this narrative â€Å"When youVe been made to feel badly for so long, you Jump at the chance to do it to others† (194).

Paraoxonase Status In Keratoconus Patients Health And Social Care Essay

Keratoconus ( KC ) is a noninflammatory corneal ectasis which normally affects both eyes and with an incidence of about 1 per 2,000 in the general population ( Rabinowitz, 1998 ) , KC is going a important clinical job worldwide ( Zadnik et al, 1996 ) . The authoritative histopathological characteristics of KC include stromal cutting, Fe deposition in the epithelial cellar membrane and interruptions in the Bowman ‘s bed ( Rabinowitz, 1998 ) . KC is a heterogeneous disease, with several indicants of familial factors lending to the pathogenesis of stray KC such as duplicate surveies, bilateralism of the disease, familial collection and formal familial analyses ( Rabinowitz, 2003 ) . However, the function of environmental factors such as oculus friction and difficult contact lens wear may besides lend to the patterned advance of the disease in genetically susceptible persons ( Rabinowitz, 1998 ) . Although really small is known about the mechanisms taking to ectasia in KC, the curr ent hypothesis is that the cutting of the cornea is due to abnormalcy in the collagen cross-linking and subsequent stromal thinning which leads to bulge of the cornea ( Li et al, 2007 ) . Other research lab surveies have besides indicated the degree alterations of transforming growing factor-I?2 and antioxidant enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsin V/L2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases ( TIMPs ) in the eyes of KC patients ( Maier et al, 2007 ; Kenney et Al, 2005 ) . Another strong hypothesis of the development of KC was put frontward ( Wilson et al, 1996 ) who pointed out the function of the interleukin-1 system and other programmed cell death modulating systems which contributes to loss of keratocytes and finally stromal cutting. However, all of these suggested hypotheses need to be more clearly defined ( Rabinowitz, 1998 ) . Paraoxonase 1 ( PON1 ) is an enzyme made up of 354 aminic acids with a entire molecular weight of 43 kDa ( Primo-Parma et Al, 1996 ; Mackness et Al, 1996 ) . PON1, which is associated with high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) , catalyses the dislocation of phospholipid and cholesteryl-ester lipid peroxides in both low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) and HDL, therefore doing it an of import hazard factor of artherosclerosis ( Mackness et al, 2004 ) . However, it was the ability of PON1 to protect the nervous system against organophosphate neurotoxicity that was foremost discovered ( Durrington et al, 2001 ) . The human PON1 cryptography sequence, located on the long arm of the human chromosome 7 ( q21.22 ) has two common polymorphism sites ; a Met ( M ) / Leu ( L ) permutation site at place 55 and a Gln ( Q ) / Arg ( R ) site at place 192, with the latter being more of import with respects to PON1 activity and affinity to certain substrates ( Primo-Parma et Al, 1996 ; Aviram, 2004 ) . Hence, the finding of the PON1 position of an person must non merely take into history the polymorphism nowadays but besides the degree of PON1 activity in that person in order to find the plasma PON1192 alloform responsible for the activity nowadays. This can be done utilizing a two-substrate enzymic check affecting two PON1 substrates ( normally paraoxon and diazoxon ) . Abnormalities between PON1 functional position and genotyping at place 192 can therefore bespeak mutant at other points in the PON1 cistron ( Richter et al, 2004 ) . As there are many factors which modulates the PON1 activity such as physiological factors ( eg. exercising ) , pathological factors ( eg. viral/bacterial infection, redness, diabetes ) , diet, alcohol ingestion and certain drugs ( eg. lipid-lowering lipid-lowering medicines ) , therefore is it of import to see these factors when finding of PON1 activity ( Aviram, 2004 ) . PON1 has been shown to hold antioxidant belongingss against oxidative emphasis ( Senti et al, 2003 ) , while oxidative emphasis has been associated with KC ( Kenney et al, 2005 ) . Therefore, PON1 may demo a protective function in the development of KC.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYAlthough there have been studies of KC developing in babies and besides in persons every bit tardily as the age of 51 old ages, bulk of KC patients develop this status between the ages of 12 to 20 old ages ( Hall KCG, 1963 ) , which is around the oncoming of pubescence. It could be truly lay waste toing for one to develop such a status at that point in life, when 1 is still immature and motivated. In Malaysia, the prevalence of KC may look to be of less important with studies of approximately 4 in 1169 ( 0.3 % ) in a population of oculus patients in an urban country and besides 0.3 % among school-aged kids ( Reddy SC et Al, 2008 ; Goh PP et Al, 2005 ) . However, due to the hard nature of naming KC in its developmental phases, many instances frequently go undetected until after multiple ailments fr om the patient and thorough analysis of the patient ‘s vision sharp-sightedness trial consequences ( Benjamin WJ, 2006 ) . Therefore, the prevalence of KC in the general Malaysian population could be much higher than reported. As KC is reported as among the top five treatable causes of sightlessness and terrible ocular damage in kids in Malaysia ( Reddy SC, 2001 ) , therefore more attempt should be carried out to plan an effectual and accurate sensing assay utilizing the promotions of molecular medical specialty to supply early intervention to these persons before the status worsens. Therefore, this brings to the aims of this survey, which are as follow: To find PON1 activity in KC patients and to compare with non-KC controls. To find the position of PON1 in plasma samples of KC and non-KC patients. To place forecasters of KC from the accumulated informations by utilizing univariate and logistic arrested development analysis.MATERIALS AND METHODSPreparations prior to informations and sample aggregationIn order to obtain blood samples and informations from participants, a two-day information and sample aggregation event was organised. The event was held on the 22 – 23th May 2010 at Ophir Eye Clinic and Surgery. Prior to the event, readyings were made such as boxing a 21G acerate leaf, a disposable syringe, intoxicant swab, Elastoplast, a 6mL EDTA ( purple-top ) tubing, a 6mL Li Lipo-Hepin ( green-top ) tubing and some sweet into a fictile bag for each participants.Data and sample aggregationEach participant was foremost given a brief account of the survey which they were traveling to take portion in and were asked to make full in an informed consent signifier before finishing the â€Å" Keratoconus in the Malayan Population: Pathophysiological and Familial Surveies † questionnaire signifier prepared by Shalini Arjunan, Prof Mary Anne, Dr Rozaida and Dr Jenny. Next, the participants ‘ spectacle powers were examined utilizing an auto-refractometer. Blood samples ( 5mL ) were so collected in the Li Lipo-Hepin ( green-top ) tubings from the participants of the survey and stored at 4A °C if can non be processed instantly. Blood samples were processed within the twenty-four hours. After that, each participant was examined utilizing a keratometer and a Pentacam to obtain their K-readings and corneal topography severally. Then, each participant was required to undergo a ocular sharp-sightedness trial and a biomicroscopy trial utilizing Snellen ‘s chart and Haag-Streit Slit Lamp severally. Finally, each participant ‘s trial readings were reviewed by Dr. Jenny P. Deva, adviser Ophthalmologist and Refractive Surgeon at Tun Hussein Onn Eye Hospital and the diagnosing of each participant was confirmed.Preparation of plasma samplesAfter aggregation, the blood samples were centrifuged at 500 xg for 5 proceedingss at room temperature ( 25A °C ) to divide the plasma. Plasma ( top bed ) was so be carefully aliquoted in 500A µL batches into a few microcentrifuge tubings ( 1.5mL ) utilizing Pasteur pipettes depending on the sum of plasma available. All micro-centrifuge tubings were labelled and stored at -70A °C until activity measuring was carried out.Two-substrate enzyme analysisThis survey was carried out by finding the position of Paraoxonase 1 in the plasma samples of the participants based on the two-substrate enzyme analysis as described by Richter RJ et Al, 2004, with little alterations. The rate of hydrolysis of the two substrates, which were Paraoxon and Diazoxon were measured utilizing Lamda 25 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer running KINLAB version 2.85.00. After blending with the several substrates for a few seconds, the rate of paraoxon and diazoxon hydrolysis were monitored continuously for two proceedingss. The initial rates of each sample were so multiplied by the deliberate transition factor, which was 5611 and 67000 to acquire paraoxonase and diazoxonase activity severally in U/L unit.Activity analysis utilizing SPSSThe paraoxonase and diazoxonase activities of each sample together with other informations from the questionnaire done by Shalini Arjunan and genotype informations done by Yvonne Yong were so pooled together into SPSS version 17.0 for farther analysis. Trials which were carried out include age and sex demographic distribution, independent t-test, Pearson ‘s Correlation, spread secret plan, Kruskal-Wallis trial, one-way ANOVA, etc.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONFor this survey, a population of 66 participants were successfully identified, consisting of 9 keratoconus patients ( 13.6 % ) , 2 forme fruste keratoconus patients ( 3.0 % ) , 9 high myopic patients ( 13.6 % ) , 11 moderate myopic patients ( 16.7 % ) and 35 normal controls ( 53.0 % ) . This population, dwelling of 2 7 Malays ( 40.9 % ) , 9 Chinese ( 13.6 % ) and 30 Indians ( 45.5 % ) had an age scope of 7 to 68 old ages old. There were somewhat more males than females in this population, that is 35 ( 53 % ) to 31 ( 47 % ) participants. There were undistinguished difference of ages among both genders and besides the cultural groups. Exploratory informations analysis on this sample population revealed that the distribution of the paraoxonase activity and age of the participants were non distributed usually, giving a p-value of 0.019 and 0.025 severally when utilizing the Shapiro-Wilk trial. Merely diazoxonase activity gave a undistinguished p-value ( 0.446 ) , therefore bespeaking a normal distribution. It was of import to transport out such trials foremost to find whether a parametric or nonparametric trial should be used for analysis. The activity of Paraoxonase 1 was successfully determined by mensurating the rate of hydrolysis of paraoxon and diazoxon substrate, harmonizing to the method used in Richter RJ et Al ( 2004 ) , with some minor accommodations. With these informations, the phenotype of each participant was successfully identified by plotting a spread graph of diazoxonase activity against paraoxonase activity, to distinguish the persons with functionally homozygous for PON1192Q, heterozygotes for PON1Q/R192Q/R and homozygous for PON1192R. These phenotype information was subsequently confirmed with informations from my co-worker, Yvonne who carried out Paraoxonase 1 genotyping for polymorphism 192QR by limitation enzyme digestion. Both informations from Paraoxonase 1 activity finding and Paraoxonase 1 genotyping were found to be coincident and accurate. When these participants were divided harmonizing to familial relation to the KC patients, 18 were first degree relations to the KC patients, 3 were 2nd degree relations and 20 had no blood dealingss to the patients, while 16 were omitted as they did non suit the standards for normal healthy controls. Based on such classs, it was found that KC patients and relations may hold a important difference in paraoxonase activity when groups together against the normal controls with a p-value of 0.057. However, this value is non important plenty to reason a possible correlativity and may necessitate more KC to make a important degree. This was non the instance for diazoxonase activity when compared in similar mode, where the activity in KC patients and comparative were non significantly different from that of normal controls. The most important consequences of this survey nevertheless, were obtained when KC patients, including forme fruste KC patients were compared against the other participants, labelled non-KC. When categorised as such, the paraoxonase activity of KC patients were significantly difference than that of the non-KC participants ( p-value = 0.022 ) . This indicates that paraoxonase activity may hold a function in the development of KC patients. However, different cultural groups besides showed important difference in paraoxonase activity when tested, viz. between Malays and Indians and this may lend as an implicit in factor since many of the KC patients where Indians. Hence, comparing surveies between KC/non-KC position and cultural groups must be carried out to find any relation between the two variables.DecisionThe paraoxonase and diazoxonase activity of each participant were successfully and accurately measured. Based on genotype informations from my co-worker Yvonne, the phenotype infor mations obtained from the diazoxonase – paraoxonase spread secret plan was rather dependable. There were important happening which relates paraoxonase activities with KC/non-KC position, but it may be due to an underlying factor such as cultural group. Further statistical analysis and re-definition will be required to obtain more important informations.